Starosta of Cherkasy, Dmytro Baida Vyshnevetsky managed to fortify the island of Mala Khortytsia on the Dnipro beyond the rapids and started organizing a Cossack army against the Crimean Khanate and turks. Meanwhile, the Crimean Khanate from the south carries devastating raids on the Christian population, killing and taking away captive thousands of people annually.
Muscovite Tsardom was isolated from European trade and politics and aspired to get access to the Baltic Sea, this aspects prompted the Tsar to declare war on the Livonian Confederation. In the year muscovite grand prince Ivan the Terrible took the title of Tsar of the Russia and during the next decade conquered Kazan and Astrakhan.
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